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距离我今年五月份跳槽到新公司,已经过去一段时间了。现在终于有机会静下心来,整理并分享一下在入职前,我是如何解决身份问题的。希望这段经历,能给正在走类似道路的朋友一些参考。
在整个NIW(National Interest Waiver)申请过程中,我得到了很多人的帮助。
特别要感谢几位公司的领导、同事和前辈,他们不仅在我职业成长上给予了重要的指导,还在申请过程中为我撰写了推荐信。
这些推荐信在我的申请材料中发挥了非常关键的作用。再次由衷地感谢每一位在这条路上帮助过我的人。
我申请的是 EB2 NIW(National Interest Waiver) 类别。
这一类别的最大特点是:
不需要雇主提供Job Offer
不需要劳工认证(Labor Certification)
也就是说,即使你不在美国境内,或者暂时没有美国公司的工作机会,只要符合条件,也可以通过这一途径申请绿卡。
我知道有不少朋友,特别是安全研究领域的同行,手上有不错的研究成果或技术积累,其实都具备申请的潜力。其他行业的朋友,只要在自己的专业领域有一定影响力,也可以参考类似的路径。
我的背景:PANW Sr.manager, 20+ CVE,20+技术研究文章(非学术论文),多篇大型媒体转载,8个美国专利
我觉得我的经历有两点特别值得分享:
第一点:没有走传统律所模板。
我本人没有博士学位,也没有发表过学术论文。起初我咨询了几家美国本地的移民律所,他们普遍的要求是:
有学术发表;
担任过期刊审稿人;
或具备一定的学术影响力。
这些律所基本上都有标准化的模板流程:如果申请人符合他们的条件,他们会按照模板帮你准备材料,通常成功率也挺高。
但像我这种“不在模板里的情况”,他们就不愿意接案。即便愿意接,也需要 1~3 个月准备时间,费用大约 8000~10000 美元。
第二点:完全DIY,自主完成。
因为没有律所接我的案子,我决定走 DIY(自己动手) 的路线。
最终,从准备到获批,我只花了 三周时间:
推荐信准备:约 1 周;
整理材料 + 撰写申请文书:约 1 周;
递交申请并获批:约 2 周。
整个流程比我想象中高效得多。
在准备材料的过程中,我主要依靠了三个工具:
Overleaf —— 用于撰写和排版申请文书;
OpenAI ChatGPT —— 帮助我润色、优化英文表达和逻辑结构;
Anthropic Claude—— 用于整理、协作与归档文件。
这些工具极大地提高了效率,也让我能在没有律所支持的情况下,高质量地完成材料准备。
这里我先放上EB2 NIW的申请要求和标准:
下面是申请 NIW 时必须满足的主要标准与要求,按逻辑顺序整理:
在考虑 NIW 之前,申请人必须先满足 EB-2 类别的基本条件:
持有高级学位(advanced degree):例如美国或外国同等的硕士或以上学历,或者学士加上至少五年专业领域的进步经验。
或具 “卓越能力”(exceptional ability):在科学、艺术或商业领域,能够证明自己具有卓越能力。
关键在于:如果申请人不具备 EB-2 的基础资格,则其 NIW 申请从根本上是 不合格 的。
即便满足 EB-2 基础资格,要取得 NIW,还需满足下列三个关键考量(按照 Matter of Dhanasar 案件确立的框架):
拟议的事业具有“实质价值”(substantial merit)且“国家重要性”(national importance)
申请人所提出的事业(endeavor)必须不仅具备良好的价值,而且对于美国而言具有全国性的或重大影响。
此事业可以是在科学、技术、医疗、教育、商业、文化等多个领域。
申请人在推动该事业方面处于良好位置(well-positioned to advance the proposed endeavor)
即申请人要证明自己已有能力、资源、计划、轨迹,以实际方式推进其拟议事业。
包括但不限于:相关经验、成果、网络、资源、未来计划等。
从整体看,将豁免工作聘用及劳工认证对美国是有益的(on balance, it would be beneficial to the United States)
也就是说,豁免这些通常要求(job offer + labor certification)不会损害美国利益,反而能带来利益。
这一点体现出 USCIS 的自由裁量权 —— 即使满足前两项,也不能保证自动通过,仍需证明从整体来看美国利益优越。
申请人可以 自行申请(self-petition),即不必由美国雇主提出。因为 job offer 已被豁免。
尽管劳工认证(PERM)被豁免,但某些情况下仍需提交未经认证的劳工认证表格(如 ETA-9089 的特定部分)以便审查。
在医生国家利益豁免(Physician NIW)专项情况下,USCIS 有专门指导:例如在医疗服务偏远地区工作的医生可能符合 NIW。
虽然 NIW 属于 EB-2 类别,但在申请调整身份(Form I-485)或选择其它程序时,还需满足移民签证配额、优先日(priority date)、合法身份等一般要求。
提交表格 Form I‑140(Immigrant Petition for Alien Worker)作为主申请
向 USCIS 提供证据材料,证明上述 EB-2 基础资格 + 三项 NIW 要件。
若在美国境内并且移民签证名额(priority date)可用,则可提交调整身份申请(Form I-485)等。
关于如何DIY申请,其实网上已经有很多优质的文章和帖子,我这里就不一一推荐了(大家可以自行搜索“NIW DIY”关键词找到不少优秀的参考)。我主要分享我亲自实践的完整流程,以及其中一些对我帮助很大的经验。
我大致的步骤如下:
阅读官方指导并列出可提供的证据
这一步非常关键。建议直接阅读 USCIS 官方手册(链接如下),里面详细说明了官方认定的标准和重点考量因素:
👉USCIS Policy Manual – Volume 6, Part F, Chapter 5
阅读完后,你就能大致判断自己能在哪些方面提供支持性证据。
联系推荐人并确认推荐意愿
找到愿意为你写推荐信的同事、前辈或合作伙伴,并提前沟通内容方向。
这一步我花了不少时间,也是在整个过程中最重要的一环。
起草推荐信(Draft Recommendation Letters)
我会先根据自己整理的成就、成果,写出推荐信的初稿,再让推荐人审阅修改并签字。推荐信不仅是独立文件,也属于“Exhibits”之一。
准备 Exhibits(证据材料)清单
包括但不限于:学历证明、工作经历、专利或项目成果、媒体报道、推荐信等。建议编号整理,并附上简短说明。
撰写 Petition Letter(PL)
这是整个材料的核心文件。它需要把所有 Exhibits 与你的专业价值、国家利益关联起来。
在这一步,我大量借助了 ChatGPT 和 Claude 等大模型来润色、校对逻辑和英文表达。
下载并填写所有 USCIS Forms
在 USCIS 官网下载对应表格(如 I-140 等),确保信息准确、签名完整。
打印与装订材料
目前 USCIS 仍要求纸质邮寄(希望未来能全面电子化)。我按照推荐信、PL、Exhibits、Forms 的顺序装订成册。
寄出申请包
最后检查所有文件签名页和支票(或付款信息)无误后,通过快递寄往指定地址。
在撰写推荐信(Recommendation Letters)和 Petition Letter(PL)时,大语言模型(LLM) 帮了我极大的忙。
我主要使用了 ChatGPT 和 Claude 来帮助我完成两类任务:
梳理个人经历与成就;
优化语言、结构与逻辑,使其更符合官方审查习惯。
下面是我在准备时使用的第一个 Prompt(提示词):
Summarize the content of the page, which details Qi Deng’s research contributions in AI, network threats, and vulnerabilities. Generate a well-structured and detailed paragraph highlighting his expertise, impact, and significance in the field. The summary should emphasize his original contributions, real-world applications, and their national or global importance, aligning with the EB2 NIW petition criteria.
the top priority is mention the national benefits of the work, here are also some principles we should follow:
be easy to understand for non-experts in the fields
reference all the important documents attached
Highlights the most critical aspects that support the case
be organized according to the requirements for NIW for easy review
然后是推荐信的prompt:
Prompt
I want you to act as a writer of letters of reference to the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services. Your letters will be examined by an immigration officer and will determine if a petitioner will get approved for the EB2 NIW green card application.
You will need to formulate three paragraphs. The letter should always start with "Dear Immigration Examiner".
PART ONE:
To demonstrate why the writer is qualified to give an opinion on the alien’s skills, the letter writer should start by adding details on his/her qualifications in the field and speak to his/her credibility and achievements in his/her field of expertise
PART TWO:
The second paragraph should be about how the letter writer has come to know the alien’s work, the alien’s work history, contribution to his/her field of expertise, qualifications and stature in the profession, and preferably incorporate some of the following terms:
Has risen to the very top of the field, and is unquestionable of extraordinary ability
is among the top ten specialists in the country today
Is one of the most influential figures in the profession
Every now and then, our profession is fortunate enough to witness the emergence of a truly influential genius. [alien’s name] is such an individual.
Is one of the most respected figures in the world
Has acquired an international reputation for his/her extraordinary achievements
Has worked on some of the profession’s most prestigious assignments and has earned the respect and accolades of his/her peers for his/her brilliant work
Has won worldwide acclaim by virtue of his/her extraordinary talent, extensive experience and proven creative genius
Is one of the top business minds working today, and one of the finest the country has produced in recent years
His/her extraordinary ability will assist the United States in remaining at the forefront of the international commercial environment
Has been responsible for the commercial success of numerous high-profile transactions, including [alien''s name] is a rare talent whose body of work stands alone in its brilliance
His/her proven flair has been responsible for his/her meteoric rise to the top
Is a world-class talent who will be an invaluable asset to the American industry
[alien’s name] talent and international reputation are unsurpassed in the field
[alien’s name] extraordinary ability has skyrocketed him/her to the pinnacle of success
Please note: use the above statements carefully, ideally make sure to use them along with supportive arguments if applicable, otherwise refrain from doing so.
Generally, attempt to make frequent use of words such as genius, extraordinary, incredible, outstanding, superb, great, phenomenal, amazing, remarkable, brilliant, and rare.
PART THREE:
The closing statement should start with or contain one of the following phrases:
I therefore strongly support [alien’s name] visa petition
I urge you to approve [alien''s name] visa application
[alien’s name] petition, therefore, has my unreserved support
Here are the bullet points for the reference letter:
Author information:
Name: Alison
Qualifications in the field:
Knows the alien through their time at Palo Alto Networks working on threat research and security product development
Alien who is applying for 01:
Name: Qi Deng
Field of expertise: threat research and security product development
Alien’s proof of expertise: Qi Deng has established himself as a leading expert in cybersecurity through his substantial contributions to threat research and advanced threat prevention technology. As evidenced by his extensive portfolio of research publications at Unit 42 (Palo Alto Networks' threat intelligence team), he has conducted pioneering investigations into critical security vulnerabilities and emerging cyber threats. His research spans crucial areas including DNS tunneling campaigns, LangChain vulnerabilities, and malicious JavaScript evolution, demonstrating comprehensive expertise in identifying and analyzing sophisticated cyber threats. Of particular national importance is his development and maintenance of the Advanced Threat Prevention product at Palo Alto Networks, which represents a breakthrough in zero-day threat prevention using innovative deep learning models. This technology provides essential protection for critical infrastructure and sensitive data across the United States. The national significance of his work is further demonstrated through his research on high-impact vulnerabilities affecting major platforms like Microsoft, Citrix, and WordPress, which are widely used in both government and private sectors. His findings have been instrumental in protecting against threats to IoT devices, cryptomining attacks, and sophisticated malware campaigns. The broad dissemination of his research through respected cybersecurity channels and media coverage, such as HackerCombat, highlights the widespread recognition of his expertise. Additionally, his intellectual property contributions are substantial, having filed eight U.S. patents, underlining his role in advancing cybersecurity technology innovation. His work directly addresses national security priorities by strengthening cyber defenses against evolving threats, particularly in protecting critical infrastructure and sensitive systems. The implementation of his research findings and technological solutions has demonstrably enhanced the cybersecurity posture of numerous organizations across the United States, making him a valuable asset to national cybersecurity efforts.
在DIY过程中,推荐信和 Petition Letter(申请陈述信)是最核心、也是最花时间的两部分。它们直接影响到 USCIS 审查官对你个人贡献和“国家利益”的判断。
我在撰写推荐信时的思路是:先用 LLM(ChatGPT 或 Claude)生成框架,再自己检查细节。
LLM 在语言组织和逻辑层面非常高效,能帮你快速生成一版可用的初稿,然后你只需要调整细节和语气,使其更贴近推荐人实际身份与风格。
在确认内容无误后,我推荐使用 DocuSign 来完成签字流程。
推荐信签字是一个非常容易拖延的环节,但用 DocuSign 发邮件签名非常高效,一封邮件即可搞定,几分钟内即可获得正式签署版本。
Petition Letter 是整个申请包的“主文”,相当于你对所有证据(Exhibits)的叙述和论证。
它需要逻辑清晰地解释以下几个问题:
你的专业领域和独特贡献;
你的工作如何对美国国家利益有显著意义;
为什么你的贡献无法轻易由他人替代;
为什么应免除劳工认证(即“National Interest Waiver”成立)。
网上有不少优秀的公开模板和范例可供参考,例如:
🔗Andrey Chemist 的 NIW 模板与指南
这些资源可以帮助你理解官方期望的结构与语言风格。
一个高效的做法是:
先在 LLM(ChatGPT / Claude)中输入一段别人公开的 Petition Letter(或模板中的片段);
然后提供你自己的背景信息、成就与展望;
让模型根据你的情况改写对应部分。
这样得到的初稿结构完整、逻辑连贯,再经过你自己的审核修改,就能形成一篇高质量的 Petition Letter。
最后一个关键步骤是:
将你的 Exhibit List(证据清单) 提供给 LLM,让它在 Petition Letter 中自动插入对应的 reference(如 Exhibit A, Exhibit B, 等),使整篇文档结构清晰、专业规范。
📘 延伸资料
我之前整理了一些关于 NIW(National Interest Waiver,美国国家利益豁免) 的详细资料,包括官方政策、申请标准、常见误区与实操经验,放在 Notion 上:
👉NIW 资料整理与申请要点
有需要的朋友可以自行参考。
💬 咨询说明
如果你是我认识的朋友,欢迎直接找我免费咨询;
如果是不认识的朋友,也可以预约 $100/h 的咨询服务(上面整理的资料已经覆盖了大部分关键信息)。
希望我的文字对您有帮助